Dorpat (contemporary Tartu)

58.380225, 26.714105

Dorpat was the largest city in Eastern Livonia, the center of the Dorpat bishopric. In the 16th century it was an episcopal castle on the hill (Domberg) with the Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul and a large trading city surrounded by a stone wall. Dorpat suffered greatly in the wars of the 17th-18th centuries. All this led to the destruction of the castle and fortress of Dorpat as a historical monument; only separate fragments of the masonry of the walls and some places of the Domberg relief, where it corresponds to the line of the walls of the 16th century, have survived from its fortifications (although in the relief there are mostly traces of the Swedish bastion fortress of the 17th-18th centuries). The history of the castle with plans on the ground can be viewed http://www.dorpat.ru/fort/castle.html

Nevertheless, some traces of the Livonian War can be found in Tartu (formerly Dorpat) today. The most expressive monument of this era should be considered the ruins of the Cathedral of St. Peter and Paul. The cathedral was built at the end of the 13th century and was one of the largest in Livonia. In 1558, during the assault on Dorpat, he suffered greatly and was no longer recovered. The situation was aggravated by the fire of 1624, and the Swedish rule (the Swedes, as Protestants, did not repair the temple). Around 1770, the high Gothic towers of the cathedral were destroyed. But from the modern ruins, one can still imagine the scale of the destruction and imagine the image of the Livonian War.

In 1558-1582. Dorpat was renamed Yuryev, after the ancient city founded here by Yaroslav the Wise in 1030. It was the capital of "Russian Livonia", and the boyar, the governor of Ivan the Terrible, was sitting here.

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